Most of the absolute listeners that were tested in this respect identified the C-major tones more reliably and, except for B, more quickly than the five "black key" tones, which corresponds to the higher prevalence of these tones in ordinary musical experiences. Influence by music experience Įvidence suggests that absolute pitch sense is influenced by cultural exposure to music, especially in the familiarization of the equal-tempered C-major scale. Although it was once thought that it "might be nothing more than a general human capacity whose expression is strongly biased by the level and type of exposure to music that people experience in a given culture", absolute pitch may be influenced by genetic variation, possibly an autosomal dominant genetic trait. For example, most people have learned to recognize and name the color blue by the range of frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation that are perceived as light, those who have been exposed to musical notes together with their names early in life may be more likely to identify the note C. Absolute pitch may be directly analogous to recognizing colors, phonemes (speech sounds), or other categorical perception of sensory stimuli. Rather, "it reflects a particular ability to analyze frequency information, presumably involving high-level cortical processing." Absolute pitch is an act of cognition, needing memory of the frequency, a label for the frequency (such as "B-flat"), and exposure to the range of sound encompassed by that categorical label. Physically and functionally, the auditory system of an absolute listener evidently does not differ from that of a non-absolute listener.
Difference in cognition, not elementary sensation The skill is not exclusively musical, or limited to human perception absolute pitch has been demonstrated in animals such as bats, wolves, gerbils, and birds, for whom specific pitches facilitate identification of mates or meals. While the term absolute pitch, or absolute ear, was in use by the late 19th century by both British and German researchers, its application was not universal other terms such as musical ear, absolute tone consciousness, or positive pitch referred to the same ability. For example, the note known as 'A' varied in different local or national musical traditions between what is considered as G sharp and B flat before the standardisation of the late 19th century. It would have been difficult for the notion of absolute pitch to have formed earlier because pitch references were not consistent. Scientific studies of absolute pitch commenced by the 19th century, focusing on the phenomenon of musical pitch and methods of measuring it. Scientific studies History of study and terminologies
Identify and name all the tones of a given chord or other tonal mass.Name the key of a given piece of tonal music.Identify by name individual pitches played on various instruments.Generally, absolute pitch implies some or all of these abilities, achieved without a reference tone: A proportion of 1 in 10,000 is widely reported, but not supported by evidence a 2019 review indicated a prevalence of at least 4% amongst music students. The frequency of AP in the general population is not known.
For example, an AP possessor can accurately reproduce a heard tone on a musical instrument without "hunting" for the correct pitch. AP may be demonstrated using linguistic labeling ("naming" a note), associating mental imagery with the note, or sensorimotor responses. Not to be confused with Pitch Perfect.Ībsolute pitch ( AP), often called perfect pitch, is a rare ability of a person to identify or re-create a given musical note without the benefit of a reference tone.
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